Pythagorean Theorem Calculator - Find Missing Side of Right Triangle

Calculate the length of any side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean theorem. Step-by-step solutions, triangle properties, and angle calculations.

Pythagorean Theorem Calculator

Calculate the length of any side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean theorem:

Enter Triangle Sides

Enter the lengths of two sides and leave the third as 0 to calculate it, or enter all three to verify it's a right triangle.

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Understanding the Pythagorean Theorem

The Pythagorean theorem is one of the most fundamental principles in geometry, named after the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras. It states that in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides.

a² + b² = c²

Where c is the hypotenuse, and a and b are the legs

Key Concepts

  • Right Triangle: A triangle with one 90-degree angle
  • Hypotenuse: The longest side, opposite the right angle
  • Legs: The two shorter sides that form the right angle
  • The theorem only applies to right triangles
  • It can be used to find any missing side length

Common Applications

  • Finding the distance between two points in coordinate geometry
  • Calculating the diagonal of a rectangle or square
  • Determining the length of a ladder needed to reach a certain height
  • Navigation and GPS calculations
  • Construction and engineering measurements

How to Use the Pythagorean Theorem Calculator

Our calculator can find any missing side of a right triangle when you know the other two sides. Simply enter the known side lengths and leave the unknown side as 0, or enter all three sides to verify if they form a right triangle.

Step-by-Step Process

  • Enter the lengths of two known sides
  • Leave the unknown side as 0 (or enter all three to verify)
  • Click "Calculate Missing Side"
  • Review the step-by-step solution
  • Check the triangle properties and angles

Example Problems

Example 1: Find the Hypotenuse

Given: a = 3, b = 4
Find: c (hypotenuse)
Solution: c = √(3² + 4²) = √(9 + 16) = √25 = 5

Example 2: Find a Leg

Given: a = 5, c = 13
Find: b (other leg)
Solution: b = √(13² - 5²) = √(169 - 25) = √144 = 12

Special Right Triangles

Some right triangles have special properties that make calculations easier and are commonly used in geometry and trigonometry.

45-45-90 Triangle (Isosceles Right Triangle)

  • Two equal legs and a hypotenuse
  • If legs = x, then hypotenuse = x√2
  • Angles: 45°, 45°, 90°
  • Common in squares and octagons

30-60-90 Triangle

  • If short leg = x, then long leg = x√3, hypotenuse = 2x
  • Angles: 30°, 60°, 90°
  • Common in equilateral triangles and hexagons

3-4-5 Triangle

  • A Pythagorean triple: 3² + 4² = 5²
  • Any multiple works: 6-8-10, 9-12-15, etc.
  • Common in construction and surveying

Related Calculators

Explore these related geometry calculators to solve more triangle and geometric problems:

  • Our [object Object] for special right triangles
  • Our [object Object] for calculating triangle areas
  • Our [object Object] for triangle perimeters
  • Our [object Object] for circle geometry

What is the Pythagorean theorem?

The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c².

Can I use the Pythagorean theorem for any triangle?

No, the Pythagorean theorem only applies to right triangles (triangles with one 90-degree angle). For other triangles, you would use the Law of Cosines or Law of Sines.

How do I find the hypotenuse?

To find the hypotenuse, use the formula c = √(a² + b²) where a and b are the lengths of the other two sides.

How do I find a missing leg?

To find a missing leg, rearrange the formula: a = √(c² - b²) or b = √(c² - a²) where c is the hypotenuse.

What are Pythagorean triples?

Pythagorean triples are sets of three positive integers that satisfy the Pythagorean theorem, such as (3, 4, 5), (5, 12, 13), and (8, 15, 17).

How is the Pythagorean theorem used in real life?

The Pythagorean theorem is used in construction, navigation, computer graphics, engineering, and many other fields where distance calculations are needed.

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