Isosceles Triangle Calculator - Find Sides, Angles, Area & Height

Calculate all properties of an isosceles triangle including sides, angles, area, perimeter, and height. Step-by-step solutions for any combination of known values.

Isosceles Triangle Calculator

Calculate the properties of an isosceles triangle (two equal sides) with step-by-step solutions:

Enter Known Values

Provide at least 2 values. Common combinations: two equal sides and base, or base and height.

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Understanding Isosceles Triangles

An isosceles triangle is a triangle with at least two equal sides. The two equal sides are called legs, and the third side is called the base. Isosceles triangles have special properties that make calculations easier than general triangles.

Key Properties of Isosceles Triangles

  • Two sides are equal in length (the legs)
  • The base angles (angles at the base) are equal
  • The vertex angle (angle opposite the base) is different
  • The height bisects the base and the vertex angle
  • The height creates two congruent right triangles
  • Sum of all angles equals 180°

Base Angle + Base Angle + Vertex Angle = 180°

Since base angles are equal: 2 × Base Angle + Vertex Angle = 180°

How to Use the Isosceles Triangle Calculator

Our calculator can solve for any missing properties of an isosceles triangle when you provide at least 2 known values. The calculator automatically determines which method to use based on your inputs.

Supported Input Combinations

  • Two equal sides and base
  • Base and height
  • Equal side and height
  • Base and base angle
  • Equal side and base angle
  • Equal side and vertex angle

Step-by-Step Process

  • Enter at least 2 known values in the input fields
  • Leave unknown values empty
  • Click "Calculate Isosceles Triangle"
  • Review the step-by-step solution
  • Check all calculated properties (sides, angles, area, perimeter)

Isosceles Triangle Formulas

The following formulas are used to calculate properties of an isosceles triangle:

Height Formula

h = √(a² - (b/2)²)

Where a is the equal side length and b is the base

Area Formula

Area = (1/2) × base × height

Standard triangle area formula

Perimeter Formula

Perimeter = 2a + b

Where a is the equal side and b is the base

Base Angle Formula

Base Angle = arccos((b/2) / a)

Using cosine law in the right triangle formed by the height

Vertex Angle Formula

Vertex Angle = 180° - 2 × Base Angle

Since all angles sum to 180°

Example Problems

Example 1: Find Height and Area

Given: Equal sides = 10 units, Base = 12 units

Calculation: Height = √(10² - (12/2)²) = √(100 - 36) = √64 = 8 units
Result: Area = (1/2) × 12 × 8 = 48 square units

Example 2: Find Base from Height

Given: Equal side = 13 units, Height = 12 units

Calculation: Base/2 = √(13² - 12²) = √(169 - 144) = √25 = 5
Result: Base = 2 × 5 = 10 units

Example 3: Find Angles from Base and Equal Side

Given: Equal side = 8 units, Base = 6 units

Calculation: Base angle = arccos(3/8) ≈ 67.98°
Result: Vertex angle = 180° - 2 × 67.98° = 44.04°

Special Cases of Isosceles Triangles

Some isosceles triangles have additional special properties:

Isosceles Right Triangle (45-45-90)

  • Two equal legs and a right angle at the vertex
  • Base angles are 45° each
  • Vertex angle is 90°
  • Hypotenuse = leg × √2
  • Common in squares and octagons

Equilateral Triangle

  • All three sides are equal
  • All three angles are 60°
  • Special case of isosceles triangle
  • Most symmetric triangle

Real-World Applications

Isosceles triangles are commonly found in many practical applications:

  • Architecture: Roof designs, gable ends, and structural supports
  • Engineering: Truss systems and bridge designs
  • Art and Design: Symmetrical patterns and decorative elements
  • Navigation: Calculating distances and bearings
  • Physics: Analyzing forces and vectors in equilibrium
  • Computer Graphics: 3D modeling and rendering

Calculating with Different Input Combinations

Our calculator intelligently handles different input combinations:

Two Equal Sides and Base

When you know the two equal sides and the base, the calculator uses the Pythagorean theorem to find the height, then calculates all angles and properties.

Base and Height

When you know the base and height, the calculator finds the equal sides using the Pythagorean theorem, then calculates all angles.

Base and Base Angle

When you know the base and one base angle, the calculator uses trigonometry to find the equal sides and height, then calculates the vertex angle.

Equal Side and Vertex Angle

When you know one equal side and the vertex angle, the calculator finds the base angles (which are equal), then calculates the base and height using trigonometry.

Related Calculators

Explore these related geometry calculators to solve more triangle and geometric problems:

  • Our [object Object] for right triangle calculations
  • Our [object Object] for special right triangles
  • Our [object Object] for calculating triangle areas
  • Our [object Object] for area from three sides
  • Our [object Object] for right triangle sides

What is an isosceles triangle?

An isosceles triangle is a triangle with at least two equal sides. The two equal sides are called legs, and the third side is called the base. The base angles are equal, and the vertex angle is different.

How do you find the height of an isosceles triangle?

The height can be found using the Pythagorean theorem: h = √(a² - (b/2)²), where a is the equal side length and b is the base. The height bisects the base and creates two congruent right triangles.

Are the base angles always equal in an isosceles triangle?

Yes, in an isosceles triangle, the base angles (the angles at the base) are always equal. This is a fundamental property of isosceles triangles.

What is the difference between an isosceles triangle and an equilateral triangle?

An isosceles triangle has two equal sides, while an equilateral triangle has all three sides equal. An equilateral triangle is a special case of an isosceles triangle where all sides and angles are equal (60° each).

How do you calculate the area of an isosceles triangle?

The area of an isosceles triangle is calculated using the standard triangle area formula: Area = (1/2) × base × height. You can also use Heron's formula if you know all three side lengths.

Can an isosceles triangle be a right triangle?

Yes, an isosceles right triangle (45-45-90 triangle) has two equal legs and a right angle at the vertex. The base angles are 45° each, and the hypotenuse is √2 times the length of each leg.

What is the vertex angle in an isosceles triangle?

The vertex angle is the angle opposite the base, formed by the two equal sides. It can be calculated as: Vertex Angle = 180° - 2 × Base Angle, since all angles in a triangle sum to 180°.

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